Diabetes & Oral Health: How to Protect Your Teeth

Having diabetes can make you less able to fight off infection, including gum infections that can lead to serious gum disease.
In early stages, gum disease is known as gingivitis. The gums are swollen, soft, and may bleed, particularly during brushing or flossing.
If gum disease progresses, however, the gums may begin to detach from the teeth, forming pockets that can trap bacteria and boost the risk of infections. Untreated, the infections can destroy the underlying bones that hold the teeth in place.
Surgery may be needed. In one technique, called pocket depth reduction, the dentist or periodontist folds back the gum tissue, removes the bacteria, and secures the tissue into place so that it fits more tightly around the teeth, sometimes cutting away some of the unattached gum.
With diabetes, you may heal more slowly after oral surgery. Your health care provider may prescribe antibiotics to keep infection after surgery at bay. Pay close attention to and control your blood sugar levels before and after oral surgery.
If you have diabetes, you are also at risk for fungal infections in the mouth, called oral candidiasis or thrush. This is true even if you wear dentures.
Dry mouth, called xerostomia, is another common problem among people with diabetes. Saliva is important to oral health -- it helps wash away food particles and keep the mouth moist. When you don't have enough saliva, bacteria thrive, tissues can get irritated and inflamed, and your teeth can be more prone to decay.

Diabetes & Your Teeth: How to Minimize Risk

Taking care of your oral hygiene at home every day is crucial. Make sure you brush at least twice a day and floss once a day.
Antibacterial mouth rinses can also help reduce bacteria that can cause plaque build-up on teeth and gums.
Examine your mouth for inflammation or signs of bleeding gums. If you notice either, let your dentist know as soon as possible.
Experts recommend having your teeth professionally cleaned every six months, or even every three or four months. Step up the professional cleaning schedule if you know you tend to build up plaque or tartar quickly.
Be sure to tell your dentist that you have been diagnosed with diabetes. It will also help your dentist to know the names of all prescription and over-the-counter drugs you take.
You may be referred to a periodontist -- a dentist who specializes in gum disease -- if your gum problems persist or seem to get worse.